Sri Lanka: 10 Hidden Treasures in Galle Fort

Umair Ahmed

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green trees and brown dirt road

Sri Lanka, a small island south of India, is a popular destination for exotic tourism enthusiasts. Beyond its wild nature and turquoise beaches, its true treasures lie in its historical ruins. The monumental Galle Fort is a prime example of this.

Built by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Galle reached its peak during the Dutch colonial period, representing the early interactions between European architectural styles and native traditions. Galle Fort is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the largest fortress in Asia built by European occupiers.

The fortified city of Galle, a treasure of Sinhalese history and culture, is a key tourism spot in Sri Lanka. Here are the top 10 places to see and visit in Galle Fort. Explore this fascinating destination for an experience full of charm, color, and tradition.

The Sea Walls of Galle

An Iconic Walk

Galle Fort is flanked by robust sea walls, reinforced by the Dutch in the 17th century. A walk around this area is a classic activity upon arriving in the city, serving as a starting point for discovering churches, mosques, gardens, museums, and other historical sites.

Key Highlights

  • Panoramic Views: The rugged stone walls offer captivating views of the Indian Ocean.
  • Photographic Opportunities: Ideal settings for photographers to capture the essence of Galle.

Best Time to Visit

The sea walls are best appreciated early in the morning or at dusk when the heat is less intense, and the natural light enhances their beauty. Make sure to wear comfortable shoes for this walking tour. As you stroll along the walls, you’ll encounter various historical artifacts and plaques that provide insights into the fort’s storied past. The sea walls not only offer protection from the ocean but also serve as a picturesque setting for leisurely walks and contemplative moments.

Historical Significance

The sea walls are a testament to the strategic importance of Galle Fort. Their construction involved meticulous planning and engineering to withstand both natural and human threats. The walls’ durability over the centuries speaks to the ingenuity of their builders and the historical necessity of fortifying the city against potential invaders. As you walk along the sea walls, you are quite literally walking through history, with every step revealing a story of resilience and defense.

Galle Lighthouse

Historical Beacon

First built in 1848, Galle Lighthouse is the oldest lighthouse in Sri Lanka still in operation. It was rebuilt after a fire in 1939, but its historic charm remains intact.

Key Features

  • Maritime History: A visit to this 26-meter-high monument immerses you in the region’s rich maritime history.
  • Accessibility: Located near other attractions in the fort, making it an essential stop during your city tour.

Best Time to Visit

Visit the lighthouse at dusk when the sunlight gives its white walls a golden hue. It’s free to visit and no entrance fee is required. The surrounding area is perfect for a relaxed walk, with the ocean breeze adding to the serene atmosphere. The lighthouse, still operational today, serves as a crucial navigational aid for ships approaching the harbor, underscoring its continued importance in maritime activities.

Architectural Beauty

The lighthouse is a fine example of colonial-era architecture. Its cylindrical tower, painted white, stands in stark contrast to the azure sea and sky. The design is both functional and aesthetically pleasing, offering a visual treat for visitors. Although climbing the tower is not permitted, the view from its base is spectacular, providing ample opportunities for photography and quiet reflection.

Dutch Church Groote Kerk

Colonial Heritage

The Groote Kerk Dutch Church is a testament to the city’s rich colonial history and one of Galle’s most visited tourist spots. Built in 1755 by Dutch colonizers, the church’s stunning architecture and serene atmosphere transport visitors to another era.

Key Highlights

  • 17th-Century Tombstones: The church floor is made of tombstones, connecting the site to its past.
  • Wooden Pulpit and Organ: Notable features include a carved wooden pulpit and an old organ.

Visiting Tips

The Groote Kerk is open from 9:00 to 17:00, and admission is free, though donations for the upkeep of the building are appreciated. The church’s interior, with its high vaulted ceilings and thick walls, is an outstanding example of ecclesiastical architecture from the period. The serene atmosphere inside the church provides a stark contrast to the bustling streets outside, making it a perfect place for contemplation and appreciation of history.

Historical Insights

The Groote Kerk stands as a silent witness to the many phases of Galle’s history. The church’s construction during the Dutch colonial period marked a significant cultural and architectural shift in the region. Each element of the church, from its floor tombstones to its wooden pulpit, tells a story of the past, offering a tangible connection to the people who lived and worshipped here centuries ago.

The Old Library

A Temple of Knowledge

Adjacent to the Groote Kerk Church is the Galle Old Library, established in 1832 and considered the oldest public library in Sri Lanka. It is an example of the colonial architecture defining much of Galle Fort’s charm.

Key Features

  • Ancient Texts: Houses various ancient and special texts, many sent by the Velsen Public Library in the Netherlands.
  • Classical Façade: Columns and arches invite visitors into a world of ancient literature and historical records.

Visiting Tips

Entry to the Old Library is free, but check opening hours as they may vary. Photography is allowed, so bring your camera to capture its timeless interior. The library is not just a repository of books; it’s a historical monument that reflects the intellectual pursuits of the colonial era. Each book and manuscript within its walls holds a piece of the past, offering insights into the knowledge and interests of earlier generations.

Architectural Splendor

The Old Library’s architecture is a blend of functionality and elegance. Its design incorporates classical elements that highlight the building’s historical significance. The interior is equally impressive, with wooden shelves lined with old books, creating an atmosphere of scholarly reverence. The library serves as a quiet retreat for those looking to escape the hustle and bustle of the city streets.

National Maritime Museum

A Cultural Treasure

One of Galle Fort’s major cultural attractions is the National Maritime Museum. Like many other treasures in the city, this museum has Dutch origins, dating back to 1671.

Key Exhibits

  • Marine Artifacts and Ship Models: Telling the story of ancient trade routes and maritime life.
  • Southern Sri Lankan Vessels: Including the ancient oruva and kattumaram.
  • Artifacts from Shipwrecks: Maps, jars, pipes, artillery guns, and more.

Visiting Tips

The museum is open daily from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm, except on public holidays. A small entrance fee contributes to its upkeep. Wear comfortable shoes, as there is much to explore in and around Galle Fort. The museum offers a comprehensive look at the maritime history of Sri Lanka, providing context for the region’s development and its interactions with European powers.

Educational Value

The National Maritime Museum is an educational haven, especially for those interested in maritime history. The exhibits are well-curated, providing detailed explanations of each artifact’s historical significance. The section documenting the 2004 tsunami is particularly poignant, offering a sobering reminder of nature’s power and the resilience of the human spirit.

Meeran Jumma Mosque

A Spiritual Gem

A landmark place of worship for Galle’s Muslim community, the Meeran Jumma Mosque is recognized as both an architectural and spiritual gem.

Key Features

  • Blending Designs: Victorian British and Islamic designs create a unique aesthetic.
  • Historical Significance: Built in 1904, the mosque’s white facade and detailed woodwork capture Islamic architectural style.

Visiting Tips

Visitors are welcome outside prayer times, but must respect dress and behavior regulations. The best time to visit is in the morning when the sunlight enhances its beauty. The mosque’s serene atmosphere offers a peaceful retreat from the busy streets, and its architectural details provide a feast for the eyes.

Cultural Importance

The Meeran Jumma Mosque is more than just a place of worship; it is a symbol of the cultural diversity that characterizes Galle. Its architecture reflects the blending of different styles and influences, highlighting the interconnectedness of the community. Visitors can gain a deeper understanding of the Muslim community’s role in Galle’s history and culture.

Main Gate

Gateway to History

Compared to other attractions, the Main Gate is relatively new, dating back to 1873. Built by the British to control heavy traffic, it serves as a time capsule transporting visitors to Sri Lanka’s colonial past.

Key Features

  • European Architecture: A stunning example that has withstood the test of time.
  • Historical Significance: The gate structure is a marvel of military engineering from the colonial era.

Visiting Tips

Walk around and take your time to admire the details of the gate, walls, bastions, and colonial churches. Each element offers a unique perspective on Sri Lanka’s rich history. The gate stands as a robust reminder of the strategic importance of Galle Fort during colonial times and provides a grand entrance into the historic precinct.

Architectural Significance

The Main Gate’s design is both functional and imposing, reflecting the British colonial influence on Sri Lanka’s infrastructure. Its sturdy construction has helped preserve it through the years, making it an excellent example of colonial military architecture. The gate’s architectural details, from its robust structure to its decorative elements, are a testament to the engineering skills of the time.

Pedlar Street

A Vibrant Thoroughfare

Pedlar Street stands out for its vibrant atmosphere and rich history, dating back to when Dutch and British traders walked its cobblestones.

Key Highlights

  • Boutiques and Shops: Selling spices, gems, and crafts, perfect for souvenirs.
  • Colonial Architecture: Retaining old designs, each façade tells a story of the city’s past.

Visiting Tips

Enjoy the local cuisine at nearby cafes and restaurants. Pedlar Street is close to other major attractions, making it an excellent starting point for exploring more of Galle. The street’s vibrant atmosphere is infectious, with the lively buzz of commerce and the friendly interactions of locals and tourists alike.

Cultural Hub

Pedlar Street is a cultural hub where the past and present meet. The street’s shops and galleries offer a window into the local artisan community, showcasing traditional crafts and contemporary art. Walking down Pedlar Street feels like a journey through time, with each shopfront and building façade offering glimpses into the city’s colonial history.

Historic Building of Amangalla

A Luxurious Corner

The historic Amangalla building, built in the 17th century, once served as barracks for Dutch forces and is now a luxurious 5-star hotel.

Key Features

  • Colonial Features: Polished wooden floors, high ceilings, large mirrors, and more.
  • Exotic Gardens: Beautiful gardens and a secluded pool offer relaxation.

Visiting Tips

The hotel’s dining room offers traditional Sri Lankan curries and various other dishes. Enjoy services like a relaxing spa, hydrotherapy, sauna, steam bath, yoga room, and barber shop. The hotel’s luxurious accommodations and top-notch services make it a perfect retreat for travelers looking to indulge in comfort and history.

Historical Transformation

Amangalla’s transformation from a Dutch military barracks to a luxury hotel is a fascinating story of adaptation and preservation. The building’s architecture retains its historical charm while offering modern amenities, creating a unique blend of past and present. Staying at Amangalla is not just about luxury; it’s about experiencing a piece of Galle’s history in a setting that respects and honors its past.

Strolling Through Galle Fort

A Journey Through History

Galle Fort is a treasure trove of historical and cultural sites. Walking through the fort offers a unique glimpse into the past and present of this vibrant city.

Key Highlights

  • Churches and Mosques: Reflecting the diverse religious history of the fort.
  • Gardens and Museums: Offering serene spots and cultural insights.
  • Colonial Architecture: Showcasing the blend of European and native designs.

Visiting Tips

Wear comfortable shoes and plan your visit in the morning or late afternoon to avoid the heat. Take your time to explore each corner and capture the beauty of Galle Fort. The fort’s winding streets and hidden alleys are filled with surprises, from quaint cafes to artisanal shops, making each visit a new adventure.

Cultural Exploration

Galle Fort is a living museum, where each street and building tells a story of cultural exchange and historical significance. The fort’s architecture and layout reflect the various influences that have shaped its development, from Portuguese and Dutch to British colonial styles. Exploring Galle Fort is like peeling back layers of history, revealing the rich tapestry of human experiences that have contributed to its unique character.

Conclusion: Embrace the Charm of Galle Fort

Galle Fort is a remarkable blend of history, culture, and architecture. From its robust sea walls and historic lighthouse to its vibrant streets and luxurious corners, there is something for everyone in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Plan Your Visit

The best times to visit Galle are during the cooler months, from November to April. The city offers a range of accommodations, from budget hostels to luxury hotels.

Final Thoughts

Galle Fort’s unique blend of old and new, traditional and modern, makes it a captivating destination. Whether you are drawn by its historical landmarks, vibrant culture, or stunning architecture, Galle promises an unforgettable experience.

So, pack your bags and get ready to discover the many hidden treasures of Galle Fort. From sea walls to lighthouses, your adventure in this historic city will be filled with memorable moments. Enjoy your journey through Galle’s rich tapestry of history, culture, and beauty.

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